Blog Details
Can Ovarian Cysts cause Infertility?
Reviewed by Dr. Parag Hitnalikar
Last updated: September 18, 2025
Table of Contents
Overview
Ovarian cysts are a common gynecological condition, often discovered during routine check-ups or fertility evaluations. While many cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, certain types can interfere with ovulation and reproductive function—raising concerns about fertility.
At Orion IVF Pune, our team of experienced gynecologists and obstetricians works closely with patients to understand the root causes of infertility and offer personalized solutions. So, can ovarian cysts cause infertility? Let’s explore the facts.
What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or inside the ovaries. They can vary in size, type, and impact. Most cysts are benign and part of the normal menstrual cycle, but others may signal underlying conditions that affect fertility.
Common Types of Ovarian Cysts:
Functional cysts: Follicular or corpus luteum cysts that typically resolve without treatment.
Endometriomas: Caused by endometriosis; may damage ovarian tissue and impair egg quality.
Polycystic ovaries (PCOS): Multiple small cysts linked to hormonal imbalance and irregular ovulation.
Dermoid cysts and cystadenomas: Usually benign but may require surgical removal if large.
The Cysts That Don't Typically Affect Fertility
Most ovarian cysts are known as functional cysts. These develop as a normal part of the menstrual cycle and are filled with fluid. They are common, often painless, and usually resolve without any intervention. Because they are temporary and do not damage the ovarian tissue, they generally have no impact on fertility.
For example, a follicular cyst forms when a follicle—the sac that holds the egg—doesn’t rupture to release the egg during ovulation. A corpus luteum cyst forms after ovulation when the follicle sac reseals itself and fills with fluid. Both are benign and typically resolve within a few cycles.
Ovarian Cysts that Can Impact Fertility
While functional cysts are usually harmless, a few specific types of cysts can pose a problem. A knowledgeable gynecologist and obstetrician in Pune will be able to differentiate these and guide you on the best course of action.
- Endometriomas (“Chocolate Cysts”): These cysts are caused by endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. When this tissue grows on the ovaries, it can form dark-colored cysts filled with old blood. Endometriomas can cause inflammation, scarring, and damage to the ovarian tissue, which can significantly reduce a woman’s ovarian reserve and egg quality, thus impacting fertility.
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): While not a condition of a single cyst, PCOS is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts (follicles that don’t mature) on the ovaries. This condition is a leading cause of infertility because it disrupts ovulation, preventing the regular release of an egg.
In these cases, a proper diagnosis from an infertility specialist is critical.
Other Ovarian Problems that Cause Infertility
Beyond cysts, other ovarian issues can lead to infertility.
- Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR): This refers to a low number of eggs remaining in the ovaries. While it’s a natural part of aging, some women, even at a young age, may have a low ovarian reserve. This can be caused by genetics, autoimmune disorders, or past ovarian surgery.
- Premature Ovarian Failure (POF): This condition occurs when the ovaries stop functioning normally before a woman is 40. The ovaries no longer produce eggs or sufficient hormones, leading to infertility.
Long-Term Fertility Planning
Orion IVF is the best gynecology clinic in Wakad, Pune, where our gynecologist and obstetrician help you plan your future in a safe and secure way by considering all factors.
Age Considerations
- Understanding how ovarian cysts may affect the fertility timeline
- Consideration of fertility preservation options
- Planning for family size with awareness of potential fertility impacts
- Regular monitoring of ovarian reserve
Future Pregnancy Planning
- Preconception counseling for women with a history of ovarian cysts
- Optimization of health before attempting pregnancy
- Understanding risks and monitoring needs during pregnancy
- Planning for potential complications