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What causes Low AMH at Young Age?
Reviewed by Dr. Parag Hitnalikar
Last updated: September 18, 2025
Table of Contents
Overview
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a key marker of a woman’s ovarian reserve—the number of eggs available for fertilization. While AMH levels naturally decline with age, a growing number of young women are being diagnosed with low AMH, raising concerns about fertility and future family planning.
So, what causes low AMH at a young age? And how can you take control of your reproductive health with the right infertility treatment?
Let’s explore the science, the symptoms, and the solutions.
What Is AMH and Why Does It Matter?
AMH is produced by small follicles in the ovaries and reflects the quantity—not quality—of eggs. A low AMH level doesn’t mean infertility, but it can signal reduced chances of natural conception and may affect the success of assisted reproductive treatments.
That’s why early detection and personalized low AMH treatment is critical for women who want to preserve their fertility options.
Common Causes of Low AMH at a Young Age
Several factors can contribute to low AMH levels in younger women. Understanding these causes is the first step toward effective management:
1. Genetic Factors
Some women inherit a naturally lower ovarian reserve due to genetic conditions, such as Fragile X syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities. If you suspect a genetic link, the best infertility specialist at Orion IVF Pune can recommend genetic testing to identify underlying causes and guide treatment.
2. Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune conditions, such as lupus or thyroid disorders, can affect ovarian function and lead to low AMH. Comprehensive screenings at a trusted infertility hospital, can detect these issues early, allowing for targeted interventions.
3. Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
Exposure to toxins, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or poor diet can impact ovarian health. Stress and obesity may also play a role.
4. Medical Treatments or Conditions
Past medical treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation for cancer, can damage ovarian tissue, leading to low AMH. Surgeries involving the ovaries, such as for endometriosis or ovarian cysts, may also reduce egg reserve.
5. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)
POI, sometimes called early menopause, occurs when the ovaries stop functioning normally before age 40. This condition can cause low AMH and irregular periods.
6. Idiopathic Causes
In some cases, the reason for low AMH remains unclear. Even in these situations, Orion IVF Pune leverages advanced technologies and expertise to support women with low AMH in achieving successful pregnancies.
The Paradox of PCOS and AMH
Interestingly, while most conditions associated with low AMH involve ovarian damage, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) typically presents with elevated AMH levels. Very High AMH levels can be an indicator of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, in endometriosis, the levels of LH, testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) decrease whereas the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and oxytocin increase. On the other side, women with PCOS have increased levels of LH, AMH and androgens.
This makes PCOS an exception among reproductive disorders, as it typically preserves or even elevates AMH levels due to the increased number of small follicles characteristic of polycystic ovaries.
Why Early Detection Matters
Early identification of low AMH enables timely intervention through infertility treatment that can improve a woman’s chances of conception. Treatments range from lifestyle modifications and nutritional support to advanced assisted reproductive technologies provided at top infertility hospitals in Pune like Orion IVF.
Can AMH Be Improved?
While AMH levels can’t be permanently increased, certain lifestyle changes and treatments may help optimize fertility outcomes: